在熱電材料領(lǐng)域，提升轉(zhuǎn)換效率核心在于降低晶格熱導(dǎo)率。層狀硒氧化物，如BiCuSeO和BiAgSeO，因極低熱導(dǎo)率而備受矚目。BiAgSeO的熱導(dǎo)率可低至0.7 W/m/K，然而影響該類材料熱導(dǎo)率的機(jī)制仍不清晰。

由清華大學(xué)材料學(xué)院的林元華院長(zhǎng)帶領(lǐng)的團(tuán)隊(duì)，通過(guò)基于第一性原理計(jì)算求解玻爾茲曼輸運(yùn)方程，系統(tǒng)研究了層狀BiCuSeO和BiAgSeO的電熱輸運(yùn)行為。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)有趣的現(xiàn)象：盡管從傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看，材料的彈性模量表現(xiàn)出相反的趨勢(shì)，但BiCuSeO的熱導(dǎo)率仍低于BiAgSeO。

這種反常的熱導(dǎo)率歸因于含有弱鍵的Cu（Ag）-Se不規(guī)則四面體的局域?qū)ΨQ性畸變。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)的特異性使得Cu原子傾向于沿層面方向振動(dòng)，而Ag則更傾向于垂直層面振動(dòng)。這些輾轉(zhuǎn)不定的Cu原子，

由于其具有較大的三階原子間力常數(shù)（IFC），在層面方向誘導(dǎo)了高度局域化的聲子模，導(dǎo)致極低的群速度和與Cu-Se層相關(guān)的短壽命聲子。該行為顯著降低了層狀材料的熱導(dǎo)率，因?yàn)樵敬怪庇趯用娴臒釋?dǎo)率本征較低。

該項(xiàng)研究深刻揭示了在層狀硒氧化物材料中，多面體畸變?cè)谡{(diào)控?zé)犭娦再|(zhì)方面所扮演的核心角色，為進(jìn)一步開(kāi)發(fā)和優(yōu)化新型熱電材料提供了重要的理論依據(jù)。該文近期發(fā)表于npj Computational Materials 9: 160 (2023).

Fig. 5 Temperature-dependent properties of BiCuSeO and BiAgSeO.

Editorial Summary

In the field of thermoelectric materials, the key to enhancing conversion efficiency lies in reducing the lattice thermal conductivity. Layered oxyselenides, such as BiCuSeO and BiAgSeO, have garnered attention due to their extremely low thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of BiAgSeO can be as low as 0.7 W/m/K. However, the mechanisms affecting the thermal conductivity of such materials remain unclear.?

A team lead by Prof. Yuan-Hua Lin （林元華教授） from State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, systematically investigated the thermal and electrical transport behavior in layered BiCuSeO and BiAgSeO by solving the Boltzmann transport equation based on first-principles calculations. Interestingly, the thermal conductivity of BiCuSeO is lower than that of BiAgSeO, although the elastic modulus shows a conventional opposite result. Such anomaly is mainly induced by the local symmetry distortion of the irregular tetrahedron containing weakly bonded Cu (Ag)-Se, where the bonding configuration enforces Cu to be inclined to vibrate along the in-plane direction and yet Ag along the out-of-plane direction. The rattling-like Cu maintains a large third-order interatomic force constant (IFC) and induces the localized phonons along the in-plane direction, leading to ultralow group velocities and a short lifetime corresponding to the Cu-Se layer. This behavior is significantly powerful to reduce the thermal conductivity in layered materials because the thermal conductivity from the out-of-plane direction is originally low. The study unveils the critical role of polyhedral distortion in layered oxyselenides for regulating thermal and electrical transport.?This article was recently published in npj Computational Materials 9: 160 (2023).

原文Abstract及其翻譯

Local symmetry distortion induced anomalous thermal conduction in thermoelectric layered oxyselenides (熱電層狀硒氧化物中局部對(duì)稱性畸變誘導(dǎo)的異常熱導(dǎo))

Bin Wei,?Jiale Li,?Yueyang Yang, Wang Li,?Zhifang Zhou,?Yunpeng Zheng,?Wenyu Zhang,?Yifan Chai,?Zheng Chang,?Ce-Wen Nan?&?Yuan-Hua Lin?

Abstract?Polyhedral distortion, associated closely with the atomic arrangement and interatomic interactions, drives many unique behaviors in solids, such as phase transition and negative thermal expansion. In thermoelectric heteroanionic oxides, the anionic polyhedra are widely present, but their effect on thermal transport is rarely investigated. Here, we report an anomalous thermal conduction induced by local symmetry distortion in layered oxyselenides via solving the Boltzmann transport equation based on first-principles calculations. We found interestingly that lighter BiCuSeO exhibits lower thermal conductivity than heavier BiAgSeO. Due to the different distorted degrees of CuSe4 and AgSe4 tetrahedrons, Cu prefers the in-plane vibration, while Ag has more tendency of out-of-plane vibration. Thus, the heat-carrying phonons dominated by the rattling-like vibration of Cu are significantly suppressed, resulting in lower thermal conductivity of BiCuSeO. This study highlights the importance of polyhedral distortion in regulating thermal conduction in layered heteroanionic materials.

摘要 多面體畸變，與原子排列和原子間相互作用密切相關(guān)，是固體中眾多獨(dú)特行為的驅(qū)動(dòng)力，例如相變和負(fù)熱膨脹。在熱電異質(zhì)陰離子氧化物中，陰離子多面體廣泛存在，但其對(duì)熱輸運(yùn)的影響鮮有研究。在這里，我們基于第一性原理計(jì)算求解玻爾茲曼輸運(yùn)方程，報(bào)告了層狀硒氧化物中由局部對(duì)稱性畸變引發(fā)的異常熱導(dǎo)率現(xiàn)象。有趣的是，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)更輕的BiCuSeO的熱導(dǎo)率比更重的BiAgSeO低。由于CuSe₄和AgSe₄四面體畸變程度不同，Cu更傾向于面內(nèi)振動(dòng)，而Ag更可能進(jìn)行面外振動(dòng)。因此，由Cu的類共振主導(dǎo)的傳熱聲子被顯著抑制，導(dǎo)致BiCuSeO的熱導(dǎo)率降低。這項(xiàng)研究突出了多面體畸變?cè)谡{(diào)控層狀異質(zhì)陰離子材料熱輸運(yùn)過(guò)程中的重要性。